The main difference between the three diseases of crop stem blight, bacterial wilt and wilt. All friends engaged in agriculture know that the three diseases of stem blight, wilt and bacterial wilt are very difficult to treat, especially wilt, which is called the cancer of crops.
The three blight diseases have the same thing in that they are all soil-borne diseases. First of all, the disease site is in the root. Among them, bacterial wilt and wilt are typical vascular bundle diseases. The so-called vascular bundle is the pipeline in the middle of the plant neck that transports nutrients and water.
The difference between them:
The first point is that the pathogens are different. Damping off is a fungal disease. The pathogen can survive in the soil for two to three years. Fusarium wilt is mostly caused by fungi. The pathogen can survive in the soil for longer, up to five years, and the longest can reach ten years. Bacterial wilt is a bacterial disease. The second point is that the symptoms are different.
Wheat Stem Blight is a seedling disease. It mainly harms the stem base or roots of seedlings. In the early stage, it is an oval or irregular dark brown lesion. The lesion gradually sinks and shrinks, and gradually turns black brown. After three to five days, it dies standing up without falling, so it is called wheat stem blight.
The main symptom of bacterial wilt is that after the plant becomes ill, the fine roots of the underground part turn brown first, and soon begin to rot. The base of the stem close to the ground is brown when cut, and it secretes white turbid dirty juice. The aboveground part quickly wilts and dies, but the stems and leaves remain green, so it is called bacterial wilt.
Fusarium wilt, let's take watermelon wilt as an example. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased plants show that the leaves gradually wilt from the bottom to the top, which is suspected to be a symptom of water shortage. It is serious at noon, and it returns to normal in the morning and evening. After a few days, the whole plant wilts and droops, and it will not recover in the morning and evening. After the stem base shrinks, the roots are brown and rotten, and the stem base is longitudinally cracked. When the stem base is cut, it is dark brown.
The third point is that the suitable environment is different. Wheat Stem Blight is very easy to occur under low temperature and humidity conditions. When our temperature is between 12 and 18 degrees, the drainage is poor and the disease is more serious. The pathogen of bacterial wilt generally starts to develop when the temperature reaches above 20 degrees. The disease often occurs in continuous fields and alluvial fields with relatively high humidity. For wilt disease, the most suitable temperature for the disease is 30 to 32 degrees. The soil in the depression is too acidic, or nitrogen fertilizer is applied, or uncomposted fertilizer is applied, which makes the root system of the plant poorly developed and aggravates the disease.
Prevention and control methods:
1. Wheat Stem Blight is generally prevented and controlled by strictly selecting sterile new soil or nutrient soil, and applying pesticides or seed coating before seedling and sowing. After the disease occurs, pesticides such as methocarb can be sprayed, or microbial agents such as Bacillus subtilis can be used to improve the root environment.
2. For bacterial wilt, before sowing, mix the seeds with about 3% of the seed weight of carbendazim. After the disease occurs, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chloramine, thiophanate-methyl, etc. can be used for root irrigation.
3. For wilt, focus on selecting grafted rootstocks with strong disease resistance and good affinity for grafting and root replacement. It is currently widely used in fruits and vegetables. For serious plots, we need to rotate water and dryland as an effective way to solve wilt. After the disease occurs, you can choose to irrigate the roots with carbendazim, copper chloramine, etc., and take the diseased plants out of the field for destruction and planting.
4. Wheat Stem Blight, bacterial wilt, wilt, no matter which disease, prevention is better than treatment. Whether in prevention or treatment, we must use biological fungicides together. Zhenzan Twisted Shield biological fungicide has a good effect in preventing and controlling the three blight diseases.
