October is the sowing season of wheat. The sowing process is related to the basic seedlings and seedling conditions of wheat. The basic seedlings are related to factors such as sowing time, sowing amount, sowing quality, and soil conditions. Uniformity and strong seedlings are the key, and the following aspects should be done in detail.
1. Excellent species is the foundation of high yield
Seeds are the foundation of high yield. It is necessary to select high-quality, high-yield, stable-yield, and lodging-resistant varieties suitable for the local area. The variety layout should be done well, and the varieties should be diversified, and coated seeds should be used.
Wheat seed national standard original species: purity not less than 99.9%, clarity not less than 98.0%, germination rate not less than 85%, water content not higher than 13.0%, improved varieties: purity not less than 99.0%, clarity not low At 98.0%, the germination rate is not lower than 85%, and the water content is not higher than 13.0%. Excellent species is the basis for high-yield full seedlings.
2. Fine soil preparation and scientific fertilization
Fertile and healthy soil is the basis for wheat seedlings to form strong seedlings before winter. The soil is required to be nutritious, the humidity should be kept between 60% and 80%, the fertilizer and water storage capacity is strong, the ventilation is good, and there are no soil-borne diseases and insect pests.
(1) The bottom moisture should be appropriate
If the soil moisture is not good before site preparation, water should be used to create moisture before the previous crops are harvested or before plowing. The relative humidity of the soil should be kept at about 70% when planting to ensure that the seeds will germinate smoothly. Soil moisture is the primary condition for whole seedlings.
(2) Soil preparation should be fine
The straw returning to the field should be thoroughly crushed, and there should be no more than 5 centimeters of straw fragments. After crushing, it should be manually spread evenly. After rotary tillage, the straw fragments can be mixed with the soil evenly; , Deepen the plow layer to mature the subsoil, increase the aeration and water retention capacity of the soil. Repression after rotary tillage is a very important measure. The quality of soil preparation is the basis for full seedlings and strong seedlings.
(3) Fertilization should be scientific
Before plowing the land, implement formula fertilization according to the fertilizer requirement of wheat. The base fertilizer should be mixed with organic fertilizer, ternary compound fertilizer, bacterial fertilizer, and micro-fertilizer. It should be spread evenly, not just in the middle of the plot, but on the head and edge of the plot, so that the fertility of the entire plot is uniform. Consistent soil fertility is the basis for the formation of uniform and strong seedlings.
3. Prevention and control of underground pests and diseases
Soil-borne diseases in wheat fields mainly include stalk rot, take-all, sheath blight, root rot, smut, etc., which can cause rotten buds and affect the emergence rate. Caused by lack of seedlings and broken ridges, targeted control must be carried out before plowing the land.
4. Timely sowing and precise sowing
The suitable sowing time of wheat is determined by the accumulated temperature of 650 to 570 degrees required by wheat before winter. The suitable sowing time of wheat is different in different regions, and there are suitable sowing times in different regions. After sowing, the seeds must be tightly combined with the soil to avoid soil leakage and moisture; before sowing, the planter should be trained to master the sowing technology, so that the planter can run at a uniform speed, the seeding rate is uniform, the sowing rate is accurate, and the sowing depth is consistent. 4-5 cm is appropriate.
5. Seedling inspection and replanting
After the emergence of wheat seedlings, timely check the wheat field, especially the turning of the field planter, to see if there are any missing seedlings and broken ridges, and replant and correct them in time to ensure the basic number of seedlings. Replanting is the final process to ensure full seedlings.
High seed germination rate, good soil moisture, complete basal fertilizer nutrition, high sowing quality, and less damage from soil diseases and insect pests are the necessary conditions for full, uniform, uniform, and strong wheat seedlings.
