Microbial derived insecticides
1. Beauveria/Metarhizium: Beauveria and Metarhizium are insect-specific parasites. They are parasitic on more than 200 pests such as Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, and Homoptera, and can be used to control a variety of pests in agriculture, forestry, and health. Beauveria and Metarhizium are biological pesticides that do not produce side effects similar to chemical pesticides. They are specific to target pests and do not kill natural enemies of pests in nature. Beauveria and Metarhizium have become a promising microbial preparation in my country's green food production.
2. Bacillus thuringiensis: Currently, it is the largest and most widely used type of microbial insecticide in the world. The preparation is usually composed of spores and parasporal crystal proteins, and some contain thuringin. The killing speed of pests is slow, and it has a stomach poisoning effect on insects such as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Parasporal crystal protein (endotoxin) is a type of toxin protein formed with the appearance of spores. Thuringin has a wider insecticide spectrum than endotoxin and a longer duration than parasporal crystal.
3. Spinosad: It is mainly a stomach poison, and some have contact effects. The registered objects are Lepidoptera and thrips, but it also has a wide range of insecticidal activity against other pests, including Coleoptera, Diptera, Homoptera and mites.
4. Avermectin: It is mainly a stomach poison and contact effect. It stimulates the insect body to produce γ-aminobutyric acid and blocks the conduction process of motor nerve information. Pests are quickly paralyzed and refuse to eat within a few hours, die within 24 hours, reach a peak in 2-3 days, and last for 7-15 days. It effectively prevents and controls Diptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera pests and various mites, especially resistant pests such as leafminers, diamondback moths, cotton scale insects, red spiders, etc. Control diamondback moth, leafminer, borer, cotton pests, rice pests and mites.
5. Emamectin benzoate: stomach poison, contact killing, no harm to beneficial insects, conducive to the comprehensive control of pests, in addition to expanding the insecticide spectrum, reducing toxicity to humans and animals. It has the characteristics of ultra-high efficiency, low toxicity (preparation is nearly non-toxic), no residue, pollution-free and other biological pesticides. The insecticide activity is increased by 1-3 orders of magnitude (avermectin), and the activity is extremely high against lepidoptera larvae and many other pests and mites. It is tightly combined with the soil, does not leach, and does not accumulate in the environment. It is easily absorbed by crops and penetrates into the epidermis, so that the crops have long-term residual effects. Emamectin benzoate has an activity against many pests that other pesticides cannot match, especially against Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Thrips, such as red-banded leaf roller, tobacco aphid moth, cotton bollworm, diamondback moth, armyworm, cabbage butterfly, cabbage heart borer, cabbage stripe borer, tomato hornworm, potato beetle, etc.
Other insecticides
1. Fipronil: Also known as fipronil, it has a wide insecticide spectrum, mainly acts as a stomach poison on pests, and has contact and certain systemic effects. It has high insecticide activity against important pests such as aphids, leafhoppers, planthoppers, Lepidoptera larvae, flies, and coleoptera, and has no pesticide damage to crops. The agent can be applied to the soil or sprayed on the leaves.
2. Chlorfenapyr: It is an insecticide, acaricide, and nematicide successfully developed by the American Cyanamid Company in 1985 based on dioxazolidinone isolated from the metabolites of Streptomyces fungi. It has stomach poison and contact killing effects, and has strong permeability. It can control a variety of pests including Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Diptera, and can also control a variety of mites.
3. Chlorantraniliprole: Highly active, 10 to 100 times that of other insecticides. The main route of action is stomach poison. It stops feeding quickly, and it only takes about 7 minutes for pests to stop feeding, paralyzed, and stop causing harm. As a result, crops are immediately protected and die within 72 hours. It has a wide spectrum of insecticides and has a good control effect on Lepidoptera such as Noctuidae, Pyralidae, Fruit Borers, Leaf Rollers, Powdery Ferns, Plutellae, Gnaphalidae, and Lepidoptera. It can also control a variety of non-Lepidoptera pests such as the Coleoptera Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae; Diptera; and Homoptera. Kangkuan is particularly effective against larvae. Newly hatched larvae will be poisoned and die due to feeding on egg shells adhered with the agent. Although the ovicidal effect is unstable, it is highly effective against newly hatched larvae at extremely low doses. It has strong permeability and excellent systemicity. After application, it can be quickly absorbed by crops and transmitted from bottom to top through the xylem of crops, fully protecting crops. It has been widely confirmed in vegetable crops and rice. When applied to the soil around the roots, it can be quickly absorbed by the roots and transmitted upward. It has good persistence and is resistant to rain erosion.
4. Thiazide: Thiadiazine insect growth regulator, low toxicity, strong contact killing effect, stomach poisoning effect, has a certain inhibitory effect on egg hatching, and can reduce adult egg laying. It has a slow effect, is effective 3-7 days after application, and has a residual effect of 35-40 days. It cannot directly kill adults, but can reduce egg laying and prevent egg hatching. It has strong selectivity and is effective against planthoppers, leafhoppers, greenhouse whiteflies, and scale insects.
5. Spirotetramat: Spirotetramat is a highly effective broad-spectrum insecticide that can effectively control various piercing-sucking mouthparts pests, such as aphids, thrips, psyllids, mealybugs, whiteflies and scale insects. The main crops that can be applied include cotton, soybeans, citrus, tropical fruit trees, nuts, grapes, hops, potatoes and vegetables. Studies have shown that it has good selectivity for important beneficial insects such as ladybugs, aphid flies and parasitic wasps. For the control of citrus scale insects, 240 g/L of spirotetramat can be sprayed at 4000-5000 times the solution, and for the control of citrus red spiders, 240 g/L of spirotetramat can be sprayed at 4000-5000 times the solution.
6. Fenpyrolactam: It has stomach poison and contact killing effects. It has strong permeability on the leaf surface, has a certain systemic effect, and has the characteristics of a wide insecticide spectrum, high prevention effect, long-lasting effect and safety. It can control resistant pests. Targets of prevention and control: Plutella xylostella, cabbage worm, beet armyworm, armyworm, cabbage borer, cabbage aphid, leafminer, thrips and other vegetable pests. Usage: Use 30 ml of 10% suspension of chlorpyrifos or 30 ml of chlorfenapyr per mu when the larvae are young or the insect population density is low. Use 40-50 ml per mu when the insect age is high or the insect population density is high. Spray with water. Spray up to 2 times per crop of vegetables, with an interval of about 10 days.
7. Indoxacarb: It has contact and stomach poisoning effects and is effective against larvae of all ages. The agent enters the insect body through contact and feeding. The insect stops feeding within 0-4 hours and is immediately paralyzed. The insect's coordination ability will decrease (which may cause the larvae to fall from the crop), and generally die within 24-60 hours after the application of the drug. It is suitable for controlling beet armyworm, diamondback moth, rapae looper, armyworm, cabbage armyworm, cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm, leaf roller, codling moth, leafhopper, looper, diamond borer and potato beetle on crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, kale, tomato, pepper, cucumber, courgette, eggplant, lettuce, apple, pear, peach, apricot, cotton, potato, grape and tea.
