Product Name：Glufosinate-Ammonium
CAS NO.：77182-82-2
Molecular Formula: C5H15N2O4P
Molecular Weight: 198.16
Melting Point: 210°C
Formulations：Glufosinate-Ammonium 97%TC, Glufosinate-Ammonium 88%SG, Glufosinate-Ammonium 200G/L SL, 95%TC, 60%SG, 50%SG, 30%SL.
Glufosinate-ammonium is another non-selective herbicide with high efficiency, broad spectrum and low toxicity after glyphosate. In order to delay the development of its drug resistance and avoid the occurrence of similar glyphosate resistance events, mixing with other active ingredients is the most direct and effective method at present.
With the continuous expansion of the prohibition and restriction of paraquat and glyphosate worldwide, the problem of pesticide resistance has led to the growth of demand for non-selective and multi-resistant transgenic crops, as well as the historically low price and the rapid improvement of comprehensive competitiveness and other factors. In recent years, the development of the glufosinate-ammonium market has accelerated significantly. After glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium has grown into the second largest herbicide in the world.
1. Development of weed resistance to glufosinate-ammonium
Herbicides with different mechanisms of action have different effects on the growth and development of weeds, and thus have different resistance risk levels. Glufosinate-ammonium is an organophosphorus contact-killing herbicide for stem and leaf treatment. It targets glutamine synthetase (GS) and inhibits GS to cause weeds to lose nitrogen metabolism and lack essential amino nitrogen. It is eventually poisoned by the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen (ammonia) in the cells, leading to the death of the weed. Glufosinate-ammonium has a single site of action, so frequent use in large quantities will accelerate the emergence of resistant weeds.
2. Mixed control of glufosinate-resistant weeds
The single use of glufosinate will make goosegrass resistant to it. Although glufosinate-ammonium is a non-selective herbicide with a broad herbicidal spectrum, there are still differences in sensitivity among weed populations, and not all weeds are effective. Therefore, weeds that are less sensitive to glufosinate-ammonium and highly resistant to it can be used to find complementary herbicides that have the meaning of mixing with glufosinate-ammonium.
3. Activity of glufosinate-ammonium mixed preparation
The mixed use of glufosinate-ammonium and imazethapyr showed a synergistic effect on split-leaf petunias and thorns. The combined use of glufosinate-ammonium and imidazoquinac has a control effect of 98% on Duowa morning glory. The control effects of glufosinate-ammonium and atrazine on quinoa and morning glory were 99% and 93%, respectively. 5.8% glufosinate-ammonium + 5.5% imazethapyr + 4.2% 2,4-D-butyl ester soluble solution also has good control effect on weeds of voluntary oil palm seedlings (VOPs), which are important in local palm trees.
4. Brief introduction of glufosinate-ammonium mixed preparation
（1）Glufosinate-ammonium mixed with clethodim:
The combination of the two is effective for goosegrass and has a long lasting effect. However, glufosinate-ammonium is highly water-soluble, while clethodim is easy to decompose when exposed to water and heat. The development of dosage forms is an urgent research topic for this compounding. Currently only 15% glufosinate-ammonium + 5% clethodim dispersible oil suspension concentrate.
（2）Compounding of glufosinate-ammonium and high-efficiency flufenpyr:
The mixture of the two is effective for goosegrass and has a synergistic effect. High-efficiency halazifop-methyl has high selectivity, is safe for broad-leaved crops, has fast absorption and conductivity, and can prolong the duration of efficacy.
（3）Mixing of glufosinate-ammonium and quizalofop-ethyl:
The mixture of the two is effective for goosegrass and has a synergistic effect. Quizalofop-p-ethyl has high selectivity, is safe for broad-leaved crops, has fast absorption and conductivity, and can enhance the duration of efficacy.
（4）Mixing of glufosinate with oxyfluorfen or oxyfluorfen:
Oxyfluorfen and oxyfluorfen are diphenyl ether herbicides, which have both contact and transport effects. Diphenyl ethers have soil activity, can make up for the defects of glufosinate-ammonium, play the role of soil sealing, and enhance the persistence period.
（5）Compounding of glufosinate-ammonium and nicosulfuron-methyl:
The combination of the two is effective against goosegrass and sedge weeds, and the cost of the original drug is low, which has a price advantage. Nicosulfuron can be quickly absorbed by the roots and leaves of weeds, and can be rapidly transmitted through the xylem and phloem, which is similar to the absorption effect of glufosinate-ammonium.
（6）Mixing of glufosinate-ammonium and 2-methyl-4-chlorine:
The combination of the two is effective for Cyperus rotundum and broad-leaved grass, and the risk of resistance is low.
（7）Mixture of glufosinate-ammonium and atrazine:
The combination of the two is effective for goosegrass and quinoa, and has a synergistic effect, and can be recommended for use in corn fields. The mixture of the two may have the risk of environmental toxicity.
（8）Glufosinate-ammonium mixed with dicamba:
Dicamba has a systemic conduction effect and has a significant control effect on annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds. Glufosinate-ammonium and dicamba have certain complementarity in herbicidal spectrum. By mixing glufosinate-ammonium with dicamba, the dosage of glufosinate-ammonium can be reduced and the cost of weeding can be reduced.
（9）Compounding of glufosinate-ammonium and fenflumezone:
Oxentrazone has a good control effect on weeds resistant to glyphosate, triazines, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors herbicides. Compared with glufosinate-ammonium, the herbicidal speed is fast, and the duration of effect is moderate, which can reach about 40 days.
