What plant growth regulators are used in grape growing?
Plant growth regulators are inseparable in the process of grape growing, and they play an important role in increasing the yield and improving the quality of grapes.
Therefore, plant growth regulators have been favored by people and used more and more widely. However, due to its quick effect and good effect, the abuse of plant growth regulators has often occurred, resulting in various problems in the planted grapes. Today, I will introduce to you the commonly used regulators on grapes and their mechanism of action.
1. Promoting class
① Growth hormone:
Auxins commonly used in grapes mainly include naphthalene acetic acid, indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, etc. Naphthalene acetic acid, indole acetic acid and indole butyric acid are mainly used for rooting and promoting the growth of grape roots, which belong to hormone rooting. When cutting grape branches or planting new seedlings, naphthalene acetic acid can be used to soak the roots and promote new roots.
②Gibberellic acid:
During the entire growth period of grapes, the gibberellic acid synthesized in the tree will be more. This is because the grape has obvious apical dominance, and the gibberellic acid is also synthesized at the shoot tip. Generally, the grape vine is vigorous, and the gibberellic acid in the tree is The acid content is also high, causing new shoots to grow, which is not conducive to reproductive growth, and is known as "scab" on other crops.
If the grape vines are not in good condition and the new shoots appear self-sealing, gibberellic acid can be sprayed on the new shoots alone to encourage them to extract new shoots and restore their growth; Stop growing, the node spacing is very short, and the leaves are small, and the whole plant can also be sprayed with gibberellic acid to alleviate the residual pesticides in the tree, thus playing the role of antidote; if the tree is too vigorous, the node spacing is too large. If it grows long, paclobutrazol or chlorophyll (gibberellic acid synthesis inhibitor) can be sprayed on the foliage to control the growth.
③ Brassinolide:
Brassinolide can promote the growth of new shoots of grapes. It has a mild effect and high safety. It can be used multiple times. It can mainly increase the chlorophyll content in leaves and improve the photosynthesis of leaves. When slight phytotoxicity occurs, it can be used as an antidote In the inflorescence separation period, the inflorescence can be elongated (the effect of pulling flowers is not as strong as gibberellic acid), and the flowers and fruits can also be preserved; in the color change period, due to the use of red activating drugs, it will cause great damage to the leaves. Foliar spraying brassinolide to protect leaves, delay leaf senescence, and restore leaf function.
2. Expanded
①Gibberellic acid:
The use of gibberellic acid in grapes is mainly in the following periods: in the inflorescence separation stage to lengthen inflorescences and increase yield; in the flowering and fruit setting stage, it is used for denucleation for denucleation treatment (low rate of denucleation) and preservation. Flowers to preserve fruit, improve fruit set rate; in the fruit expansion period, it is used to promote fruit expansion and elongate the fruit longitudinally. Generally, the fruit shape is long grain. Elongating fruit grains will not affect the taste.
Since the use of gibberellic acid is mostly during the flowering and fruit setting period and fruit expansion period of grapes, it is necessary to pay attention to the concentration used and consider the strength of tree vigor, otherwise there will be many problems, such as inflorescence stretching too long, inflorescence curling, and fruit set thin. Pulling, large and small grains, stiff fruit, too hard cob, etc.
② Cytokinin:
The cytokinins commonly used in grapes mainly include thidiazuron, benzylaminopurine and chlorfenuron, and the active thidiazuron>chlorfenuron>benzylaminopurine.
When grapes are sheared in winter, when 3-5 leaves are sprouted, thidiazuron is sprayed on the leaves alone, which can keep flowers strong and promote thickening of branches; cytokinin is used together with gibberellic acid when dealing with inflorescences and fruit ears. , not used alone.
Using chlorfenuron in the flowering and fruit setting period can be used to preserve flowers and fruits (or without chlorfenuron, gibberellic acid is used to protect flowers and fruits, and chlorfenuron is added to worry about stiff fruit, curled inflorescence and large and small grains) And other issues);
Benzylaminopurine, chlorfenuron and thidiazuron can all be used in the fruit expansion stage, mainly used to promote fruit expansion and laterally increase fruit.
The safety of benzylaminopurine is higher, but when using chlorfenuron and thidiazuron for expansion, attention should be paid to the problems of color change, taste and storage and transportation in the later stage. Because its swelling effect is better than that of gibberellic acid, excessive use of chlorfenuron and thidiazuron will cause difficult color change and poor taste (heavier astringency), thus affecting the commerciality; It is easy to drop the grains, and it is not resistant to transportation;
Colored varieties, such as red grapes, should use as little as possible chlorfenuron and thidiazuron puffed fruit (thidiazuron has a greater effect on color conversion, resulting in poor coloration).
In addition, the fruit shape is long and granular, and try not to use chlorfenuron and thidiazuron to expand the fruit, which will cause the fruit shape to be rounded and reduce the commerciality. Cytokinin can promote flower bud differentiation and flower formation during flower bud differentiation stage.
3. Red Booster
①Abscisic acid:
The abscisic acids commonly used in grapes mainly include abscisic acid and S-allotoxins, and abscisic acid is mainly used in two periods of grapes, namely the veraison period and the deciduous period.
In the early stage of color change, it is used to promote the coloring of fruit and drive the synthesis of ethylene in the tree; in the deciduous stage, it mainly promotes the yellowing and shedding of leaves, thereby entering dormancy and accumulating nutrients.
And S-inducing antibiotic is a natural abscisic acid, which is widely used. It can promote its germination and improve the uniformity of germination in the germination stage; in the fruit expansion stage, it can promote fruit expansion and soften the fruit stem; in the color change stage, it can promote The fruit is colored to improve the problem of poor coloring during the high temperature period in summer; it can also be used to promote leaves during the deciduous period and make the tree go dormant.
When abscisic acid promotes color conversion, it does not affect the photosynthesis of leaves, does not reduce the sugar content of the fruit, and the fruit is not easy to soften, but excessive use can easily cause the fruit to fall off. Improper use will cause uneven coloring of the fruit. The fruit will turn purple in color. Abscisic acid can only promote fruit coloring, but not fruit ripening.
②Ethephon:
The use of ethylene in grapes is mainly to promote the coloring and ripening of the fruit. The content of ethylene in the tree is a prerequisite for the coloring of the grapes. With the continuous increase of the ethylene content in the tree, the fruit begins to color, and Coloring is faster.
Ethephon can only be used when the grapes begin to soften and color. If used in advance, it will cause the occurrence of yin and yang fruit, jumping fruit and green head fruit, which will cause premature senescence of the tree, serious yellowing of leaves, and early defoliation, resulting in insufficient nutrient supply. In case of water jar disease, too high concentration will also cause droplets. Therefore, when using ethephon, pay attention to the time node of use, and cannot use it blindly.
