During the planting of tomatoes in autumn in greenhouses, the problems on the fruits and ears are quite regular: the first ear has more stiff fruits; the third and fourth ears have more empty ears; the upper ear has especially many hollow fruits.
Question 1: There are many stiff fruits in the first ear!
There are many reasons for tomato stiff fruit, but there are two main reasons for the particularly large number of first ear fruit stiff fruit:
1. The flower buds are poorly differentiated. Tomato flower bud differentiation is early and fast. Generally, the flower bud differentiation of the first panicle flower is carried out when the seedlings have 2 to 3 true leaves, and the flower bud differentiation of the second panicle flower occurs when the seedlings have 4 to 5 true leaves.
2. Pomodoro flower time is too early. Improper flowering time of tomato will easily form stiff fruit too early, which will affect the commerciality of fruit.
Question 2: The third and fourth ears are empty
There are two main reasons for the number of empty ears in the third and fourth ears:
1. There are too many fruits left on the lower ear. In the early stage of tomato fruit setting, due to the high temperature at that time, the plants were prone to excessive growth. Many vegetable growers were afraid that they would not be able to sit on the fruit, so they adopted the method of keeping more fruits to control the trees.
2. When the weather is too hot, the fertilizer is not replenished in time, or the leaves are picked too much, the nutrients are insufficient, and the flower buds are poorly differentiated, so there are many empty ears.
Question 3: There are many hollow fruits on the upper ear
The main causes of hollow fruit on the upper ear are:
1. When the upper fruit of the tomato enters the fruit expansion period, it is in the season of low temperature and little sunshine after winter. In order to promote the color change of the lower fruit, many vegetable farmers over-pluck the leaves. In addition, due to poor nutrient supply or leaf mold and other diseases in the late growth period, the photosynthetic capacity is reduced, the photosynthetic products are reduced, and the nutrition for fruit growth is insufficient, and hollow fruits occur more.
2. Reduce watering and fertilization in the later period. Many vegetable growers stop watering and fertilizing when the tomato and three ears of fruit are immature. The nutrition and water in the soil are difficult to meet the needs of tomato fruit growth, and the growth of the pulp is affected, resulting in hollow fruit.
Solution
In order to ensure more high-quality fruit and prevent problems such as stiff fruit, empty ears, and hollow fruit, in addition to cultivating strong trees and improving plant resistance, the following 4 points are specially reminded:
1. Remove the first flower of each panicle, make more flowers, thin the fruit early, and keep the good fruit. Because the first flower of each panicle blooms early, it is prone to deformity after sitting on the fruit, and it will also affect the nutrient supply of other flowers, seriously leading to flower drop and stiff fruit, etc., so it should be removed in time. You can order 6-8 flowers per ear. When the tomato grows to the size of a pigeon egg, remove the deformed, injured and oversized fruit, and keep 3-5 fruits per ear.
2. Control points take time and dosage. If the flowering time is not appropriate, it is easy to form stiff fruit if it is too early, and it is easy to form cracked fruit if it is too late, which will affect the commerciality. The flowers on each ear start from the second flower, and basically 2~3 flowers bloom on the same day each time. At this time, start to order flowers, and the best time is in the morning when the flowers just bloom. For the concentration of anthers, the concentration should be slightly higher at low temperature and slightly lower at high temperature.
3. Fertilizer and water should keep up during the fruit expansion period. Pay attention to the application of potassium sulfate or trace element fertilizers when the first ear fruit is harvested and the second ear fruit expands. Generally, 1000-1500 kg/mu of fully decomposed human and animal manure or retting bean cake fertilizer can be applied, and 30-50 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate or ternary compound fertilizer can also be applied. This top dressing should be divided into 1 to 3 times according to the number of fruit ears left.
4. Do not pick leaves excessively in the later stage. During the fruit color change period, vegetable farmers not only remove all the lower leaves of the ears, but also remove a lot of upper leaves to promote the color change. The leaves are too few, which seriously affects the photosynthetic accumulation of the leaves, and the lack of nutrients leads to hollow fruits and other problems. Therefore, pruning and picking leaves in the middle and late stages of growth should be appropriate and not excessive.
