1. Sunflower Verticillium wilt.
(1) Agricultural control. Choose disease-resistant varieties. Choose sunflower varieties with good commercial properties and high resistance to Verticillium wilt. Do a good job of crop rotation. Rotate with grass crops such as corn, oats or buckwheat. Sow in time. Properly delay the sowing date on the premise of ensuring the maturity of sunflower seeds. Ridge cultivation. In the ridge planting area in the northeast, use two-by-empty (plant 2 rows and 1 row) or large ridges and double rows for planting. Water and fertilize properly. Avoid flood irrigation, resulting in poor root development and serious occurrence of Verticillium wilt. The application of nitrogen fertilizer or compound fertilizer mixed with nitrogen fertilizer can improve the resistance level of plants to varying degrees. (2) Chemical control. Scientifically select the registered medicine on the sunflower. Local practice shows that 10% flusilazole water dispersible granules, 19% picoxystrobin-propiconazole suspending agent or 40% multi-manganese-zinc wettable powder should be used for seed dressing according to 0.3% of the seed weight, or 1 billion / 15% of the weight of the seeds is treated with 15% of the weight of the seeds, and the application range can be expanded on the basis of the experimental demonstration.
2. Sunflower Sclerotinia.
(1) Agricultural control. Choose disease-resistant varieties. Rotate with grass crops, and try to avoid stubble with legumes, crucifers, and nightshade crops that have experienced sclerotinia. Deep plowing and late sowing at the right time, so that the flowering period can be avoided as far as possible from the rainy season, and the planting mode that can increase the permeability of the field is adopted to reduce the occurrence of sclerotinia. Do a good job of pastoral hygiene. (2) Chemical control. Scientifically select the registered medicine on the sunflower. ①Seed treatment. Use 25 g/L fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent to coat the seeds according to the drug species ratio specified on the label. ② seedling control. You can choose 200 million spores/g Conchicoides wettable powder to be sprayed after cultivation for soil sealing treatment. According to the test results in some areas, 100 million spores/gram of Trichoderma water-dispersible granules or 300 million spores/gram of Trichoderma WP 1500-2250g/hm2 also have a good effect on inhibiting sclerotia germination. ③ flowering control. Practice has shown that spraying 20-30g/667m2 of 75% oxime fungus·tebuconazole water-dispersible granules on the front of the flower disc at the first flowering stage of sunflower has a good effect, and the application range can be expanded on the basis of experimental demonstration. The spraying interval is 5-7d, and the number of spraying is determined according to the amount of sclerotia in the field and the rain conditions, generally 2-3 times. The spraying equipment is mainly elevated vehicles, supplemented by plant protection drones and artificial spray.
3. Sunflower downy mildew.
(1) Agricultural control. Choose disease-resistant varieties, avoid repeated cropping and continuous cropping, and plant reasonably densely. (2) Chemical control. ①Seed treatment. 350g/L metalaxyl fine seed treatment emulsion was selected for seed dressing according to the ratio of drug species specified on the label. ②Spray treatment. Scientifically select the chemicals registered on sunflower, and practice shows that when the central diseased plant appears in the field, 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc WP 1000 times liquid or 25% metalaxyl WP 800-1000 times liquid, 72% cream can be used The urea·manganese zinc wettable powder 700-800 times liquid has a good effect on the foliar spray treatment, and the application range can be expanded on the basis of the test and demonstration.
4. Sunflower rust.
(1) Agricultural control. Select disease-resistant hybrid varieties, carry out crop rotation, and remove diseased and residual plants in the field in time. (2) Chemical control. Scientifically select the registered medicine on the sunflower. Practice has shown that 1000-2500 times of 25% powder rust WP, 2000 times of 12.5% terprazole WP, or 30% of pyraclostrobin EC, 48% of benzoic azoxystrobin suspension of 1500 times , Spray prevention and control at the early stage of the disease has a good effect, and the scope of application can be expanded on the basis of experimental demonstrations. General application 2 times, interval 7-10d once. Alternate use in production to delay resistance development.
5. Sunflower column.
(1) Agricultural control. ①Choose resistant and resistant sunflower varieties. In areas with severe sunflower occurrence, choose sunflower varieties with better commerciality and immunity to local dominant physiological races, or choose oil sunflower varieties with better comprehensive resistance; Better sunflower varieties, combined with the application of water and fertilizers or growth regulators to control and reduce the damage. ② Reasonable crop rotation. Rotate with non-host crops that can induce germination such as corn, flax, carrots, etc., to reduce the inventory of effective sunflower seeds in the soil. ③ Deeply plough the soil, reasonably increase water and fertilizer to improve the growth of sunflowers and inhibit the germination of sunflowers. (2) Chemical control. The herbicides registered on sunflower are scientifically selected. Practice has shown that using 5% imazethapyr nicotinic acid aqueous solution 50-100ml/667m2 for spray treatment at the 4-8 leaf stage of sunflower has a good effect, and the scope of application can be expanded on the basis of experimental demonstrations.
6. Sunflower Borer.
(1) Agricultural control. Adjust the broadcast date. In Bayannaoer City and Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, the sowing period is selected from May 25 to June 5; in Yinbei areas such as Shizuishan City, Ningxia, the sowing period is selected before May 10, which can effectively avoid or reduce sunflowers Danger of borers. Plant oil sunflowers. Oil-type sunflowers have high resistance to sunflower borers. Therefore, in areas with severe sunflower borers, the damage of sunflower borers can be avoided by planting oil sunflowers. (2) Biological control. ① Release Trichogramma. When the sunflower flowering amount reached 20%, 50% and 80% respectively, the bees were released three times, and the total release amount was 80,000 heads/667m2. ② Use biological pesticides. In the early flowering stage of sunflower, directional spraying of 16000IU/mg BT WP 0.75-1.5kg/hm2 was carried out on the sunflower disc to control larvae. (3) Physical control. In areas with convenient power supply, use frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to control sunflower borers, and hang an insecticidal lamp every 4hm2. (4) Physical and chemical induction and control. From before the peak of adult insects to after the flowering stage of sunflower, sex pheromone traps were placed in the field at a density of 25-30 pieces/hm2 at equal distances in a checkerboard style to trap and kill adults. Note that regardless of biological control or physical control methods, try to carry out large-scale unified prevention and control.
7. Flower thrips.
(1) Agricultural control. Choose insect-resistant varieties. After the previous crop is harvested, deep ploughing and leveling of the arable land are carried out in time. If conditions permit, irrigation can be carried out in autumn and winter to destroy the overwintering site of thrips and reduce the base of disease and insect pests. In early spring, remove wild host plants such as licorice and bitter beans in the field ridges. (2) Physical control. When the sunflowers are budding, hang yellow or blue sticky boards in the sunflower field at a density of 30-40 pieces/667m2 to trap and kill thrips. The hanging height should be higher than the sunflower plants. Remove the sticky boards in time before the flowering period to prevent accidental killing and pollination. insect. (3) Biological control. Orius sauteri (Poppius) can be released during the budding and flowering stages for control, and the release is determined according to the ratio of thrips: 25:1 of the East Asian stink bug, once every 5-7d, and continuously for 2-3 times. (4) Chemical control. Seed treatment. Use 30% thiamethoxam seed treatment suspending agent for treatment according to the method specified on the label. Drug control. According to the occurrence dynamics of flower thrips, in the V-8 stage to the V-18 seedling stage, in the R-1 stage to the R-5.1 flowering stage, it can be combined with other pest control and spraying pesticides for control.
8. Grass borer.
(1) Monitoring and forecasting. Because the grasshopper is an intermittent and migratory pest, and its occurrence is affected by many factors, it is necessary to do a good job of monitoring the insect situation and grasp the dynamics of the grasshopper in time to lay the foundation for scientific prevention and control. (2) Agricultural control. Clear field and headland weeds, especially Chenopodiaceae weeds, and reduce the density of grass borer larvae. (3) Chemical control. Before the 3rd instar larvae, high-efficiency insecticides should be used in the non-flowering period of sunflower to focus on annihilation to reduce the density of grass borer larvae on crop fields and surrounding weeds and reduce damage.
9. bollworm.
(1) Agricultural control. The slopes are turned over in late autumn, reducing the source of overwintering insects. (2) Physical and chemical inducement. ① Sex pheromone traps to trap. During the peak period of cotton bollworm adults, 25-30 sex pheromone traps were placed in the field at equal distances in a checkerboard style to trap and kill adults, changing the ratio of males and females in the field and reducing the effective egg volume. ② food lure. Set up a set of feeding devices per acre. (3) Chemical control. Select chemical agents scientifically and rationally, and carry out chemical control during the critical period before the 3rd instar larvae have not bored into the flower tray or caused obvious harm. Practice has shown that 2.5% deltamethrin EC, 2.5% beta-cyhalothrin EC 3000 times liquid spray, or 25% fenbuprofen No. 3 suspension agent 500-1000 times liquid spray disk, has good effect, can be used in Expand the scope of application on the basis of experimental demonstrations.
10. Underground pests.
(1) Agricultural control. In autumn, deep ploughing and raking, with the help of factors such as exposure to sunlight, low temperature, and predation by natural enemies, can kill some overwintering pests and reduce the number of insect populations in the coming year. Eradicating weeds on the fields and fields, cleaning up stubble residues, and creating environmental conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of underground pests. Flood in winter and spring to force surface grubs and mole crickets to dive or drown. (2) Physical control. During the blooming period of adults, a frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamp was hung in the field to trap and kill the adults, and an insecticidal lamp was hung every 4hm2. (3) Chemical control. Scientifically select the registered medicine on sunflower. ①Seed treatment. Use thiamethoxam suspending seed coating to treat seeds according to the dosage specified on the pesticide label. ② soil treatment. 15% chlorpyrifos granules at 18-24kg/hm2 and 3% phoxim granules at 90-120kg/hm2 can be used for strip application and hole application on the basis of test demonstration, or they can be applied to the field together with base fertilizer during fertilization. ③ Poison bait to kill. In the test demonstration, 25% phoxim microcapsules 2250-3000mL/hm2 mixed with millet and other bait 75kg can be used and sprinkled in the seed ditch.
