1. Characteristics of imidacloprid
(1) Imidacloprid is a highly effective, systemic, broad-spectrum insecticide with stomach poison, contact killing and antifeedant effects. It also has excellent control effects on pests resistant to organophosphorus, carbamate, pyrethroid and other insecticides, and has good control effects on piercing-sucking mouthparts such as aphids, leafhoppers, planthoppers, thrips, whiteflies, etc.
(2) It is easy to cause pests to develop resistance. Because it has a single site of action, pests are prone to develop resistance to it. The number of applications should be controlled during use. It is strictly forbidden to use it twice on the same crop. When the field control effect is found to be reduced, organophosphorus or other types of insecticides should be used in time.
(3) It has good rapid effect. It has a high control effect one day after application, and the residual period is as long as about 25 days. One application can protect some crops from pests throughout the growing season.
(4) The efficacy of the drug is positively correlated with temperature. The higher the temperature, the better the insecticidal effect.
(5) In addition to being used for foliar spraying, imidacloprid is more suitable for root irrigation, soil treatment, and seed treatment. This is because it has stomach poison and contact killing effects on pests. After foliar spraying, although the efficacy is good and the duration is long, the agent retained in the stems and leaves is always the original structure of imidacloprid. When using imidacloprid to treat soil or seeds, due to its good internal absorption, the metabolites absorbed by the plant roots and entered into the plant have higher insecticidal activity, that is, the imidacloprid protomer and its metabolites jointly play an insecticidal role, so the control effect is higher. When used for seed treatment, imidacloprid can also be mixed with fungicides.
(6) Imidacloprid is often mixed with insecticide ingredients such as cypermethrin, dimethoate, buprofezin, pirimicarb, dichlorvos, phoxim, high-efficiency cypermethrin, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, avermectin, emamectin benzoate, Bacillus thuringiensis, spinosad, pyriproxyfen, diflubenzuron, and pyridaben to produce compound insecticides.
2. How to use imidacloprid?
(1) Scope of use. Applicable to vegetables, potatoes, cereal crops, corn, rice, sugar beets, cotton, citrus, and deciduous fruit trees.
(2) Targets of control. It cannot be used to control nematodes and mites. It is mainly used to control piercing-sucking mouthparts pests and their resistant strains, such as aphids, thrips, whiteflies, leafhoppers, planthoppers and their resistant strains. It also has good control effects on some pests of Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera, such as leaf miners, leaf miners, yellow flea beetles and species flies.
Due to its excellent systemicity, it is particularly suitable for seed treatment and application in granules. It can be used for early and continuous control of pests on cereal crops, corn, rice, potatoes, sugar beets and cotton. Foliar spraying can be used to control pests in the late growth stages of the above crops and citrus, deciduous fruit trees, and vegetables. Foliar spraying has excellent control effects on black-tailed leafhoppers, planthoppers (brown planthoppers, gray planthoppers, white-backed planthoppers), aphids (green peach aphids, cotton aphids) and thrips (greenhouse hedge thrips). It also has control effects on whiteflies, rice borers, rice mudworms, and rice weevils, which is better than buprofezin, ethotripsy, pirimicarb and cartap. It can also be used as a sanitary insecticide and termiticide.
3. How to use imidacloprid
It is mainly used for spraying, and can also be used for seed treatment, etc.
Pests of fruit trees
(1) Control scale insects such as citrus aphids, whiteflies, citrus psyllids, leafminers and scale insects. Spray with 5% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate or 5% soluble concentrate at 600-800 times dilution, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder at 1200-1500 times dilution, 70% wettable powder or 70% water dispersible granules at 8000-10000 times dilution. When controlling aphids, citrus psyllids, and leafminers, spray the pesticides in time during the spring, summer, and autumn shoot growth periods. If the autumn shoots grow unevenly, spray again about 10 days later. When controlling whiteflies, spray the pesticides from the beginning of the peak period of whiteflies, once every 10 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in a row, focusing on spraying the back of the leaves. When controlling scale insects such as the arrowhead scale, spray the pesticides in time during the spread of the first instar nymphs.
(2) To control apple tree spiraea aphids, apple woolly aphids, apple gall aphids, green stink bugs, and whiteflies, spray with 600-800 times diluted 5% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate or 5% imidacloprid soluble concentrate, or 1200-1500 times diluted 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 70% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 8000-10000 times diluted 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules. When controlling green stink bugs, spray the pesticide once each time from apple budding to the inflorescence separation stage and after flower fall, and also control apple gall aphids and apple woolly aphids; when controlling apple gall aphids, spray the pesticide during the apple inflorescence separation stage, and also control green stink bugs and apple woolly aphids. When controlling spiraea aphids, spray the pesticide in time when the number of aphids on the tender shoots is large or when the fruits begin to bear, once every 10 to 15 days, and spray 1 to 2 times in a row. When controlling apple woolly aphids, spray the pesticide in time when the aphids spread from the overwintering site to the young and tender tissues on the tree, once every 10 to 15 days, and spray 1 to 2 times in a row. When controlling whiteflies, spray the pesticide in time when the whiteflies are in full bloom, once every 10 to 15 days, and spray 1 to 2 times in a row, focusing on spraying the back of the leaves.
(3) Control of pear psyllids on pear trees. Apply pesticides at the early stage of the outbreak of pear psyllid nymphs. Spray the whole plant with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder at a dilution of 2000-5000 times. The safe interval is 14 days and it can be used up to 2 times in one season.
Vegetable pests
(1) Control aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies, etc. on cruciferous vegetables. Start spraying from the early stage of pest occurrence or when the number of pests begins to rise rapidly. For each mu, 30-40 ml of 5% imidacloprid EC, 30-40 g of 5% imidacloprid tablets, 15-20 g of 10% imidacloprid WP, 6-8 g of 25% imidacloprid WP, 3-4 g of 50% imidacloprid WP, 2-3 g of 70% imidacloprid WP or 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules, 8-10 ml of 200 g/L imidacloprid soluble solution, or 4-6 ml of 350 g/L imidacloprid suspension, add 30-45 kg of water and spray evenly. Spray once every 15 days or so, and spray twice in a row.
(2) Control aphids, whiteflies, thrips, and leafminers on melon and fruit vegetables such as tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, and watermelons. Start spraying from the early stage of pest occurrence or when the number of pests begins to increase rapidly. Generally, use 60-80 ml of 5% imidacloprid EC, or 60-80 g of 5% imidacloprid tablets, 30-40 g of 10% imidacloprid WP, 12-16 g of 25% imidacloprid WP, 6-8 g of 50% imidacloprid WP, 4-6 g of 70% imidacloprid WP or 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules, 15-20 ml of 200 g/L imidacloprid soluble solution, 8-12 ml of 350 g/L imidacloprid suspension, add 45-60 kg of water and spray evenly. Spray once every 15 days or so, and spray twice in a row.
(3) Control whiteflies and leafminers on protected vegetable fields. Start spraying from the early stage of pest occurrence. Generally, 80-100 ml of 5% imidacloprid EC or 80-100 g of 5% imidacloprid tablets, 40-60 g of 10% imidacloprid WP, 20-25 g of 25% imidacloprid WP, 10-12 g of 50% imidacloprid WP, 6-8 g of 70% imidacloprid WP, 20-30 ml of 200 g/L imidacloprid soluble solution, 12-15 ml of 350 g/L imidacloprid suspension can be used per mu. Add 45-60 kg of water and spray evenly. Spray once every 10-15 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row.
(4) To control small monkey leafworms, spray with 1250 times diluted 10% imidacloprid WP.
(5) To control onion thrips, spray with 2500 times dilution of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder.
Pests of grain and oil crops
(1) To control wheat aphids and cotton aphids. Before sowing, mix the seeds with the pesticide or coat them. For every 10 kg of seeds, use 60-70 g of 600 g/L imidacloprid suspension seed dressing agent or 50-60 g of 70% imidacloprid wet seed dressing agent to evenly mix or coat the seeds. Sow after drying. Spray the pesticide during the growing period from the heading stage to the early filling stage of wheat. Use 60-100 ml of 5% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate, or 60-100 g of 5% imidacloprid tablets, 30-50 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 10-12 g of 25% imidacloprid wettable powder per mu each time. Add 30-45 kg of water and spray evenly. The safe interval for wheat is 21 days and for cotton is 14 days. It can be used up to 3 times per season.
(2) Control rice planthoppers and leafhoppers. Spray the pesticide during the peak hatching period of nymphs to before the third instar, or when there are 0.5 to 1 insects per clump on average from tillering to jointing, 10 insects per clump on average from heading to heading, 10 to 15 insects per clump on average from filling to milky maturity, and 15 to 20 insects per clump on average from waxy maturity. Use 60 to 80 ml of 5% imidacloprid EC, or 60 to 80 g of 5% tablets, 30 to 40 g of 10% imidacloprid WP, or 12 to 16 g of 25% imidacloprid WP per mu each time, add 30 to 45 kg of water and spray evenly. When spraying, spray the liquid to the middle and lower parts of the plants. In some areas, planthoppers are more resistant to pesticides, so it is necessary to mix with thiamethoxam, isoprocarb and other pesticides.
(3) Control rice gall midges. When sowing rice, the seeds should be mixed with pesticides at a ratio of 1:100 (mass ratio). Before sowing rice, soaking the seeds with pesticides has a good control effect on early-stage poisonous gray leafhoppers and rice thrips in the seedbed. Use 15 grams of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder to soak 4-5 kg of rice seeds. The ratio of seed volume to water volume is 1:1.5. The soaking time is 36-48 hours. It can be mixed with fungicide soaking.
Other economic crop pests
(1) Control of tea green leafhoppers. Apply pesticides at the early stage of the bloom of green leafhopper nymphs. Spray 20-30 grams of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder per mu with water each time. The safe interval is 7 days and it can be used up to 2 times in one season.
(2) Control of tobacco aphids. Apply the pesticide during the peak period of aphids, spray 20-40 grams of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder per mu with water each time, with a safe interval of 15 days, and use it no more than twice a season.
