We often hear about humic acid, alginic acid, microbial fertilizer, amino acid, chitosan, etc., but what are they used for? How to use them? What are the effects?
1. Humic acid
Humic acid has many functions in plant protection. It has solved the new value preservation problems faced by large-scale orchards and facility agriculture in rapid development. It has its unique advantages. Humic acid is manifested in the following 5 aspects:
(1) Improving the plant's defense against natural disasters
After using humic acid, the root system is particularly developed, the biochemical action of chlorophyll is enhanced, the metabolism is vigorous, and the disease resistance is strong. In terms of recovery from drought, flood and frost disasters, it is very obvious. When the scratches after the disaster are infected by bacteria, spraying with humic acid solution can quickly repair the scratches of the plants and avoid fruit drop due to bacterial infection. In terms of planting, soaking the root seedlings with 300 times the liquid of Sea Elf Humic Acid for 30 minutes can increase the survival rate of seedlings by more than 30%.
(2) Fertilization and disease prevention
Researchers have conducted extensive research on the use of biological humic acid for fertilization and disease prevention. They believe that humic acid not only has high physiological activity, but also contains special live bacteria. Humic acid has a strong moisture absorption function, which adjusts the flora structure and diversity of soil microorganisms, inhibits indigenous pathogens in the soil, and enhances the variability of crops. The early application of biological humic acid is conducive to the timely ecological adjustment of soil microorganisms, changes soil compaction, and makes the fertilizer and prevention effects more obvious.
(3) Treatment of diseased and weak fruit trees with mineral humic acid
Due to the large-scale application of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and hormones and the improper use of chemical fertilizers, fruit trees have premature aging and even orchards have withered. Using humic acid concentrated liquid fertilizer, combined with organic fertilizers, loosening the soil and cutting roots, appropriate pruning and other agricultural technical measures, can completely rejuvenate the trees.
(4) Foliar spraying of crops
Foliar spraying of humic acid trace element liquid fertilizer has obvious effects on crop "nutrient supplementation" and disease prevention and yield increase. This is the advantage of biological humic acid. Now many fruit trees use fruit bagging. If humic acid liquid fertilizer is sprayed before bagging, the fruits will grow very plump, bright in appearance, and sweeter in taste. It is a genuine green food.
(5) Overcoming greenhouse continuous cropping obstacles
Greenhouse continuous cropping obstacles are caused by abnormal changes in microbial communities and fertilizer factors in the soil environment of the greenhouse after multiple seasons of cultivation, which makes crops unable to grow normally and hinders continuous cropping. Facts have proved that the use of humic acid trace element liquid fertilizer can restore the biodiversity of cultivated soil in the greenhouse and form a good ecological environment. If used together with EM bacteria, the effect will be better. They can supplement the trace elements needed by crops and are easily absorbed. They can well overcome the continuous cropping obstacles in the greenhouse and achieve continuous harvests.
2. Seaweed fertilizer
Seaweed fertilizer is made from seaweed. The seaweed cells are broken and the contents are released through technical means, and then concentrated to form seaweed concentrate. It greatly retains the natural active ingredients of seaweed and is a new type of fertilizer with high efficiency and low cost. The characteristics of seaweed fertilizer are as follows:
(1) Rich in nutrients
Active seaweed fertilizer contains a large amount of non-nitrogen organic matter, more than 40 minerals such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, etc. that are incomparable to terrestrial plants, and rich vitamins. In particular, the seaweed polysaccharides, alginate, highly unsaturated fatty acids and a variety of natural plant growth regulators unique to seaweed can stimulate the production of non-specific active factors in plants and regulate the balance of endogenous hormones.
(2) Easy to be absorbed by plants
After special treatment, the active ingredients in seaweed fertilizer are in an active state that is easily absorbed by plants. They enter the plant body 2 to 3 hours after application and have a very fast absorption and conduction speed. Alginic acid in seaweed fertilizer can reduce the surface tension of water, form a thin film on the surface of plants, increase the contact area, and make it easier for water-soluble substances to penetrate the surface cells of stems and leaves, so that plants can effectively absorb the nutrients in seaweed extract.
(3) It can improve soil
Seaweed fertilizer is a natural biological system that can work harmoniously with the plant-soil ecosystem. It can directly increase the organic matter in the soil or through plants, and activate various microorganisms in the soil. These microorganisms can act as catalysts in the plant-microorganism metabolite cycle, increasing the biological effectiveness of the soil.
(4) Long-lasting fertilizer effect
Seaweed fertilizer can directly increase the organic matter in the soil or through plants, and activate various beneficial microorganisms in the soil. These microorganisms can act as catalysts in the plant-microorganism metabolite cycle, increasing the biological effectiveness of the soil. The metabolites of plants and soil microorganisms can provide more nutrients for plants. At the same time, the chelating system formed by seaweed polysaccharides and humic acid can slowly release nutrients and prolong the fertilizer effect.
(5) Safe and non-toxic
Seaweed fertilizer raw materials come from natural seaweed, have good affinity with terrestrial plants, are non-toxic and harmless to humans and livestock, and do not pollute the environment. They are high-quality fertilizers for producing harmless vegetables.
3. Compound microbial fertilizers
The promotion and application of compound microbial fertilizers on crops can not only improve the effective utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, but also increase the fertilizer utilization rate by 10% to 30%. Application tests have shown that the number of beneficial actinomycetes in the soil increased by 8.4 times and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria increased by 39 times after compound microbial fertilizers produced by Bacillus laterosporus were used for more than two years, thereby achieving the effect of activating and loosening the soil and improving soil fertility. The large-scale reproduction of beneficial microorganisms can activate the chemical fertilizers that have been deposited and fixed in the soil for many years and make them available for crops to absorb and utilize again.
At the same time, the increase in the number of Bacillus laterosporus in the soil can effectively control soil-borne fungal diseases and root-knot nematodes, and its control rate can be as high as 70% to 80%, which is equivalent to the control effect of chemical pesticides. This will reduce the use of chemical pesticides, improve the quality and yield of crops, and their ability to resist repeated cropping. Functional characteristics of compound microbial fertilizers:
(1) Full nutrition
Not only does it provide the NPK and trace elements required for crop growth, it can also provide crops with organic matter and beneficial microbial active bacteria.
(2) The fertilizer effect has a slow-release effect, which improves the utilization rate of fertilizers
During the production process, some inorganic nutrients are dissolved and adsorbed and complexed by organic matter to form organic NPK, which is not easily lost or fixed when entering the soil. The utilization rate of chemical fertilizers can be increased by 10-30%, and the fertilizer effect can last for 3-4 months.
(3) Loosen the soil, dissolve phosphorus and potassium, and improve soil fertility
After the fertilizer enters the soil, microorganisms multiply in large numbers with the help of organic matter, inorganic nutrients, water, and temperature, reducing the living space of harmful microbial groups, thereby increasing the number of beneficial microbial bacteria in the soil. The microbial bacteria produce a large amount of organic acid, which can dissolve part of the phosphorus and potassium elements deposited in the soil for many years for crops to absorb and utilize again. After long-term use, the soil will become more and more loose and fertile.
(4) Disease prevention, insect prevention and continuous cropping resistance
The microorganisms are dormant in the fertilizer. After entering the soil to germinate and reproduce, they secrete a large amount of chitinase, extracellular enzymes and antibiotics, which can effectively break down the spore walls of harmful fungi and nematode egg walls and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, effectively controlling the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and insect pests, and playing the role of disease prevention, insect prevention and continuous cropping resistance.
(5) Rooting and strengthening seedlings, reducing nitrite content, improving quality, increasing production and income
After microorganisms reproduce in the soil, they produce a large amount of plant hormones and organic acids, stimulating root growth and development, enhancing the photosynthetic intensity of crops, and making crops grow with deep roots and lush leaves. It can effectively increase the sugar content of crop fruits, reduce the content of nitrates and other harmful substances in crop products, improve quality, and increase crop yields by 10-30%.
(6) Accelerate the degradation of organic matter in the soil
Not only does it provide more organic nutrients for crop growth and improve the stress resistance of crops, but it can also reduce the living space of some pathogenic bacteria in the soil.
4. Amino acid foliar fertilizer
Fertilizers that apply nutrients required by crops directly to the leaves for the purpose of leaf absorption are called amino acid foliar fertilizers. Amino acid foliar fertilizers are rationally applied mainly with amino acids and complexed with micro-fertilizers, and contain plant nutritional growth regulators and essential trace elements for plants. Amino acid foliar fertilizers can be simply understood as foliar fertilizers containing amino acid active factors.
Compound amino acid foliar fertilizers are absorbed by crops through leaves, stems or roots, and have obvious effects on crop rooting, germination, seedling strengthening, flower promotion, fruit strengthening and fruit preservation. They can also stimulate enzyme activity, improve photosynthetic efficiency, accelerate nutrient absorption and circulation, increase chlorophyll content, increase dry matter accumulation and sugar content, improve crop quality, and enhance crop drought resistance, disease resistance, stress resistance and immunity.
(1) Amino acid fertilizers are non-toxic, pollution-free and do not pollute the environment.
After multiple field tests and demonstrations, amino acid foliar fertilizers can promote root growth, strengthen seedlings and plants, enhance the photosynthetic function of leaves and the stress resistance of crops. It has the ability to resist diseases and pests, and has a significant yield-increasing effect on a variety of crops. At the same time, it also has the effect of improving product quality.
Amino acid foliar fertilizer is suitable for wheat, cotton, soybeans, peanuts, rapeseed, beets, tobacco and various vegetables, fruit trees, tea trees, flowers, etc. Amino acid foliar fertilizer is mainly used for foliar spraying, and can also be used for seed soaking, seed mixing, root dipping, root irrigation, etc.
(2) The role and advantages of amino acid foliar fertilizer:
Amino acids, as the smallest molecules that make up protein, exist in fertilizers and are easily absorbed by crops; they also have the function of improving the disease resistance of fertilized objects and improving the quality of fertilized crops.
Supplement the essential amino acids for plants, stimulate and regulate the rapid growth of plants, promote the healthy growth of plants, and promote the absorption of nutrients. Enhance the metabolic function of plants, improve photosynthesis, promote the development of plant roots, and accelerate plant growth and reproduction.
Experiments have shown that amino acid organic foliar fertilizer can indeed significantly increase crop yields, and can effectively increase the soluble sugar content of products, reduce NO3- content, and improve the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
5. Chitosan
Chitosan is a natural high molecular weight linear polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of chitin, which is obtained by acid and alkali treatment of shrimp and crab shells. Chitosan and its derivatives are mainly used in textile printing and dyeing, papermaking, photography, heavy metal recovery and wastewater treatment, and later focused on biomedicine, food and other fields.
Many years ago, it was reported that chitosan and its derivatives can be used as plant growth regulators, seed coating agents, foliar sprays, moisturizers, insecticides, fungicides, feed additives and soil conditioners in agriculture. Because chitosan and its derivatives have the effects of increasing production, improving quality and inducing broad-spectrum disease resistance in plants in agriculture, they have attracted widespread attention and have achieved some gratifying research results.
The use of chitosan in agriculture has achieved significant results. For example, using it to mix wheat seeds can promote tillering, increase the number of effective ears, and increase production by 10.9% to 22.5% compared with the control group. If used in combination with other fungicides, it can inhibit the occurrence of wilt disease, and its incidence rate is reduced by 30% to 50% compared with the control group;
After soybean seeds are coated with chitosan, their germination rate and germination potential are improved. After sowing, it can promote the rooting, nodulation and underground growth of seedlings, promote the protein synthesis of seedling leaves, and increase the photosynthetic rate;
Treatment of corn seeds with hydroxymethyl chitosan (NCMC) aqueous solution can promote seed germination, improve germination rate and germination potential. Treatment of corn cobs with NCMC aqueous solution can increase the soluble protein of immature corn kernels and the content of storage protein of mature seeds.
In addition, experimental studies have been conducted on cotton, rice, potatoes, cabbage, cucumbers and other vegetables. The results show that chitosan and its derivatives have achieved significant results in promoting crop yield and improving quality.
Studies have shown that chitosan and its derivatives promote the increase of glutamate synthase, thereby driving the enhanced operation of nitrogen metabolism pathways, correspondingly increasing protein synthesis, and significantly increasing storage protein in seeds. In addition, glutamate dehydrogenase exists in many tissues of plants, and the reaction it catalyzes is one of the main ways for ammonia nitrogen to enter organic compounds to form amino acids. Experiments have shown that chitosan and its derivatives can increase the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase. Therefore, chitosan and its derivatives also have a certain regulatory function on the nitrogen metabolism of crops.
It is worth noting that the best effects of using chitosan and its derivatives to treat crops in different ways (seed soaking, coating, spraying, etc.) are not the same. The test results also show that chitosan and its derivatives have obvious concentration effects on the yield and quality of crops, that is, there is an optimal concentration range. In addition, chitosan or its derivatives prepared by general methods have differences in molecular uniformity and film plasticity. Therefore, the test results will also have large differences. Therefore, for the preparation of chitosan and its derivatives, only a more rigorous production process can achieve a more ideal effect.
Compared with other growth regulators, chitosan and its derivatives have obvious advantages such as being natural, non-toxic, odorless, environmentally compatible, highly active, and easily degradable. Therefore, they have great development prospects in agricultural production and have become a current research hotspot.
