Thiram is the first organic sulfur fungicide. Initially, it was mainly used for seed treatment to prevent and control seed-borne and soil-borne diseases of crops such as wheat (smut, powdery mildew) and vegetables (anthracnose, damping-off).
Later, it was gradually applied to soil treatment and leaf disease control, and widely used in a variety of crops such as fruit trees, vegetables, grain crops, and oil crops. It is also often used in combination with other fungicides and insecticides, becoming one of the commonly used protective fungicides in agricultural production.
1. Mechanism of action
Thiram is an organic sulfur protective fungicide, a class of organic compounds containing sulfur. It mainly works before pathogens infect crops. It can form a protective film on the surface of crops, which can prevent the germination and invasion of pathogen spores.
When the pathogen spores fall on the surface of the crop leaves treated with thiram, due to the barrier effect of the agent, the spores cannot obtain enough water and nutrients to germinate, and cannot penetrate the leaf cuticle to enter the plant tissue, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing the occurrence of diseases.
Thiram is very effective for early prevention of diseases and can significantly reduce the incidence of diseases. However, once the pathogen breaks through this barrier and enters the plant body, the inhibitory effect of thiram on its subsequent growth and reproduction will be relatively limited, which is also the common feature of all protective fungicides.
2. Product Features
(1) Broad-spectrum fungicide, wide range of applications. Thiram has good control effects on a variety of diseases of various crops, such as wheat fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, potato late blight, cabbage, melon downy mildew, powdery mildew, anthracnose, tomato late blight, early blight, leaf mold, vegetables, strawberry gray mold, grape anthracnose, white rot, pear black spot, etc., with a wide range of applications.
(2) Long lasting effect and good compatibility. Thiram has a certain soil permeability and a long lasting effect in the soil. It can exert a bactericidal effect for a long time and reduce the number of times the pesticide is applied.
Thiram can also be mixed with sulfur, carbendazim, methyl thiophanate, isoprodinil, myclobutanil, fosetyl-aluminum, procymidone, dimethomorph, seed dressing, metalaxyl, triadimefon, pyrimethanil, oxadone, tebuconazole, zinc thiram and other fungicidal ingredients for compound use. It can not only expand the control spectrum and improve the control effect of diseases, but also be safer for crops than when used alone.
(3) Diverse ways of use. Thiram can be used in seed treatment, soil treatment or spraying. When used as seed treatment, it can prevent and control diseases such as damping-off and damping-off in the seedling stage of various vegetables, grain crops, oil crops, etc.; when used for soil treatment, it can prevent and control seedling diseases of vegetables, tobacco, beets, etc.; when used in spraying, it can prevent and control aboveground diseases such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, anthracnose, etc. of various crops. In addition, when used in high doses, it has a certain repellent effect on field birds, mice, etc., which can reduce the harm to crops to a certain extent.
3. Usage method
(1) Seed treatment. For seed dressing, taking 50% Thiram wettable powder as an example, the dosage per 100 kilograms of seeds is: 250 grams for the prevention and control of rice blast, sesame leaf spot, corn smut, sorghum anthracnose, etc.
Use 150 grams to prevent and control millet smut, soybean damping-off, black spot, sesame stem spot blight, etc.; use 125 grams to prevent and control rapeseed damping-off, white spot disease, etc.; use 100 grams to prevent and control peanut crown rot.
To prevent and control rice blast, sesame leaf spot, rice seedling damping-off, and rice seedling blight, you can also use 500-1000 times diluted 50% Furam double wettable powder to soak seeds for 2-3 days.
(2) Soil treatment. To prevent and control tobacco root rot, 500 grams of 50% Furam double wettable powder can be used for every 500 kg of hotbed soil; to prevent and control vegetable, tobacco, and sugar beet seedling diseases, 3750-5625 grams of Furam double active ingredient can be used per hectare to treat the soil, and apply in furrows or holes.
(3) Spray control. Spraying 500-800 times diluted 50% fumeishuang wettable powder can prevent and control diseases of various crops such as grains, fruit trees, and vegetables. For example, to prevent wheat fusarium head blight and rapeseed downy mildew, spray 500-600 times diluted 50% wettable powder at the early stage of the disease; to prevent downy mildew and powdery mildew of cabbage and melons, spray 500-800 times diluted 50% wettable powder at the early stage of the disease; to prevent grape white rot and bacterial perforation of peaches and plums, spray 600-800 times diluted 50% wettable powder at the early stage of the disease, spray once every 12-15 days, and spray 3-5 times in a row.
(4) High-dose repellent effect. For example, spraying 300 times of 50% thiram wettable powder on crops such as wheat and millet that are about to mature can repel birds such as sparrows; hanging cloth strips or straw soaked in the agent in apple, grape and peach orchards can protect the fruits that are about to mature from being pecked by birds such as magpies. In the absence of significant rainfall, the effect can last for 10-15 days; applying 8 times of 50% wettable powder on the trunks of young fruit trees such as citrus and peaches before winter can prevent hares, mice and other insects from gnawing on them.
Precautions
(1) Thiram cannot be mixed with copper, mercury and alkaline pesticides or used in close succession; when storing, it should be placed in a cool and dry place to avoid decomposition.
(2) The safe interval for using thiram on cucumbers is 15 days, and it can be used up to 3 times per season; it is easy to cause fruit rust on pear trees.
(3) Thiram is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes, so protective equipment such as gloves and masks should be worn when using it. It has little impact on bees, but is toxic to fish, so avoid polluting water bodies when using it.
