Nematodes are the most abundant multicellular animals on earth and can be found wherever there is water. Among them, plant parasitic nematodes account for 10%. They cause harm to plant growth through parasitism and are one of the important factors leading to major economic losses in agriculture and forestry. In field diagnosis, soil nematode diseases can easily be confused with elemental deficiencies, root cancer, clubroot, etc., leading to misdiagnosis or delayed prevention and treatment. In addition, root wounds caused by nematode feeding provide opportunities for the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as bacterial wilt, damping off, root rot, damping-off, and canker, resulting in compound infection and further increasing the difficulty of control.
Reports show that nematode damage causes economic losses of up to US$157 billion worldwide every year, which is equivalent to insect damage. However, the market gap between nematicides and insecticides is very large. The market share of nematicides is only 1/10 of the market share of insecticides, and there is still huge room for growth.
Fluensulfone
Fluensulfone is a heterocyclic fluoroalkenyl sulfone nematicide developed by Israel's Maxim Corporation (now ADAMA) from 1993 to 1994. Fluensulfone is a non-fumigating nematicide with low toxicity and a contact killing effect. It inhibits nematodes from obtaining lipid energy reserves and blocks the nematodes from obtaining energy channels, thereby killing nematodes.
Studies have shown that fluensulfone is different from carbamates, organophosphorus, and macrolide compounds in that its nematicidal effect is irreversible and nematodes die within 48 hours after contact with the liquid. Fluensulfone has a good killing effect on the three forms of nematode eggs, larvae and adults. When it acts on eggs, it has a certain ovicide effect and reduces the egg hatching rate; when it acts on larvae, it causes stiffness and paralysis of the larvae, weakens the pushing and feeding activities of the stylet, and affects its metabolism and fat accumulation.
Mechanism of action
Fluensulfone acts on nematodes through contact, reducing nematode activity and then paralyzing them. They stop feeding after 1 hour of exposure, reduce their infective ability, reduce their egg-laying ability, reduce their egg hatching rate, and hatch larvae that cannot survive. Its irreversible nematicidal effect kills nematodes.
Fluensulfone acts on multiple physiological processes in nematodes, suggesting that this substance has a new mechanism of action that is thought to be different from current nematicides and insecticides. Its specific mechanism of action is unclear and requires further research.
application
Used to control a variety of parasitic nematodes and root-knot nematodes on fruits, melons, vegetables and horticultural crops.
Studies have shown that fluthiacen sulfone can prevent and control root-knot nematodes such as Javan root-knot nematode, southern root-knot nematode, northern root-knot nematode, stinging nematode, potato white nematode, Colombian root-knot nematode, corn short- body nematode, and peanut root-knot nematode.
prospect
On June 28, 2000, Japan's Bayer Pesticide Co., Ltd. applied for a compound patent for fluensulfone in my country; invention name: nematicidal trifluorobutene compound; authorization announcement date: July 28, 2004; authorization announcement number: CN1159304C. The protection period of this patent expired on June 27, 2020.
In recent years, with the promotion of non-seasonal vegetable technology, root-knot nematodes have developed into the most important soil-borne disease. Currently, more than 90 important root-knot nematodes have been discovered around the world and can infect more than 3,000 types of plants. Root-knot nematodes not only host a wide range of hosts, but can also transmit some fungal and bacterial diseases. Fluensulfone, as a new chemical nematicide recently launched on the market, has epoch-making significance.
